
Exosome (外泌體)是體液中天然存在的、活細(xì)胞分泌的直徑約為30-150nm的納米級(jí)雙層囊泡小體,它攜帶有很多的遺傳物質(zhì)和參與細(xì)胞活動(dòng)調(diào)控的重要蛋白,可通過自分泌或旁分泌途徑被細(xì)胞吸收,也可經(jīng)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)被遠(yuǎn)距離靶組織或器官所吸收,能參與機(jī)體多種生理和病理過程。
近幾年外泌體研究的持續(xù)升溫,全球科研大咖紛紛扎堆此領(lǐng)域,有關(guān)外泌體載藥、診斷、免疫療法等方向的文章陸續(xù)發(fā)表在Science、Nature等各大頂級(jí)期刊上,外泌體已成為生命科學(xué)/基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究的一大熱點(diǎn)。
外泌體廣泛的存在于體液中,如外周血、唾液、尿液、腹水、羊水、腦脊液等。然而,實(shí)驗(yàn)中分離到讓人滿意的外泌體并不是容易的事!

產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢(shì)
1)操作簡(jiǎn)單,使用方便,無需超速離心,比傳統(tǒng)方法省時(shí)省力。
2)高效分離,純度高,富集量大,應(yīng)用范圍廣。
3)獲取的Exosome結(jié)構(gòu)和功能完整。
4)可用于WB、ELISA、蛋白質(zhì)譜、qPCR、測(cè)序等后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
5)穩(wěn)定性好,便于運(yùn)輸,便于保存。
性能展示

[1] IF8.579 Smooth muscle SIRT1 reprograms endothelial cells to suppress angiogenesis after ischemia. Theranostics
[2] IF8.079 Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-335-5p attenuates the inflammation and tubular epithelial–myofibroblast transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells by reducing ADAM19 protein levels. Stem Cell Research & Therapy
[3] IF6.684 CircRNA_100395 Carried by Exosomes From Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibits the Malignant Transformation of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Through the miR-141-3p-LATS2 Axis. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
[4] IF6.543 Rat Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Loaded with miR-494 Promoting Neurofilament Regeneration and Behavioral Function Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
[5] IF5.753 Exosomes secreted by chronic hepatitis B patients with PNALT and liver inflammation grade ≥ A2 promoted the progression of liver cancer by transferring miR-25-3p to inhibit the co-expression of TCF21 and HHIP. CELL PROLIFERATION
[6] IF5.249 TGF-β1-modified MSC-derived exosomal miR-135b attenuates cartilage injury via promoting M2 synovial macrophage polarization by targeting MAPK6. CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
[7] IF5.168 Characterization of the release and biological significance of cell-free DNA from breast cancer cell lines. Oncotarget
[8] IF4.627 YBX-1 mediated sorting of miR-133 into hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced EPC-derived exosomes to increase fibroblast angiogenesis and MEndoT. Stem Cell Research & Therapy
[9] IF4.219 The exosome-circ_0001359 derived from cigarette smoke exposed-prostate stromal cells promotes epithelial cells collagen deposition and primary ciliogenesis. TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
[10] IF3.743MiR-145 negatively regulates TGFBR2 signaling responsible for sepsis-induced acute lung injury. BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
[11] IF3.337 Exosomal-lncRNA DLEU1 Accelerates the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Endometrial Carcinoma Cells by Regulating microRNA-E2F3. OncoTargets and Therapy
[12] IF3.304 TGF-β1 promoted chondrocyte proliferation by regulating Sp1 through MSC-exosomes derived miR-135b. CELL CYCLE
[13] IF2.967 Exosomes derived from HBVassociated liver cancer promote chemoresistance by upregulating chaperonemediated autophagy. Oncology Letters
[14] IF2.759 MEG3 LncRNA from Exosomes Released from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Enhances Cisplatin Chemoresistance in SCLC via a MiR-15a-5p/CCNE1 Axis. YONSEI MEDICAL JOURNAL
[15] IF2.392 lncRNA-HEIH in serum and exosomes as a potential biomarker in the HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomarkers
[16] IF1.62 miR-6718-5p and miR-4329 can be used as potential biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY
[17] IF1.313 The relationship between mouse lung adenocarcinoma at different stages and the expression level of exosomes in serum. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering
[18] IF0.205 The exosome-mediated PI3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in cervical cancer. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology
1.外泌體研究,應(yīng)選用血漿還是血清?
血清是血液凝固之后收集的液體,所以其中少了纖維蛋白原,凝血因子,以及多了很多凝血產(chǎn)物。纖維蛋白原可轉(zhuǎn)化為纖維蛋白,具有凝血功能。在凝血過程中血小板會(huì)分泌大量的外泌體,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)血清中有接近50%的外泌體來自額外的分泌。
血漿=血液-血細(xì)胞 血清=血漿-纖維蛋白原-凝血因子
所以一般實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇血漿,在特殊情況下,如研究與血小板相關(guān)的疾病的時(shí)候,當(dāng)然是血清更適合。
2.外泌體提取試劑提取外泌體一般后續(xù)檢測(cè)QPCR需要多少血漿呢?多少mL的血清或血漿提出來的外泌體夠同時(shí)做RNA測(cè)序和蛋白質(zhì)譜的嗎?
1-2mL的血漿足夠后續(xù)的QPCR檢測(cè);4mL的血清或血漿可滿足RNA測(cè)序和蛋白質(zhì)譜的需求。
3.如何鑒定提取出來的外泌體?
根據(jù)國(guó)際細(xì)胞外囊泡協(xié)會(huì)于2014年發(fā)表的一個(gè)指導(dǎo)手冊(cè)(MISEV),鑒定外泌體首先需要通過WB來鑒定細(xì)胞外囊泡的標(biāo)志蛋白是否存在于樣品中,通過電子顯微鏡來觀察樣品中細(xì)胞外囊泡的形態(tài)特征,通過NTA等手段來分析樣品中細(xì)胞外囊泡的群體特征(粒子濃度、直徑分布等)
4.提取出來的外泌體能否應(yīng)用于細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng)?
我們提取出來的外泌體通過粒徑檢測(cè)能判斷其純度(粒徑大小均在外泌體的大小范圍),電鏡檢測(cè)能判斷其形態(tài)確為外泌體。如果樣品中的外泌體有活性的話是可以進(jìn)行細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)的。
5.外泌體如何保存?
純化完成后的外泌體可分裝成50-100uL后置于-80℃保存。
6.用吉賽的外泌體提取試劑盒從2mL血清血漿提取出來的外泌體能有多少?能滿足后續(xù)的電鏡和WB嗎?BCA方法測(cè)定的蛋白濃度是多少?
2mL血清血漿提取出來的外泌體數(shù)量約1*10的8次方-9次方,可以滿足。BCA方法測(cè)定的蛋白濃度為2~4ug/uL
7.外泌體電鏡是不是一定要有膜結(jié)構(gòu),無膜結(jié)構(gòu)的球體對(duì)不對(duì)?
負(fù)染電鏡結(jié)果中外泌體的形態(tài)肯定是那種明顯的茶托樣或者大餅樣的!邊緣有一圈略微更明亮的亮圈。如果你打到的結(jié)構(gòu)是沒有膜結(jié)構(gòu)的圓球形,那么您很可能看到了脂蛋白顆粒或者抱團(tuán)的蛋白質(zhì)。
8.為什么超速離心提取外泌體看不到沉淀?
這種問題通常有三種可能性:
其一:使用的細(xì)胞上清或者血清量太低,從而造成了這樣的結(jié)果。
其二:使用了不透明的超速離心管,一般來說外泌體產(chǎn)量都比較小,所以凡是不透明的管子,基本都是很難見到明顯沉淀的,可以當(dāng)做有沉淀,然后操作下去即可。
其三:使用了角轉(zhuǎn)。部分品牌離心機(jī)的角轉(zhuǎn)管壁粘附性很低,超離結(jié)束沒多久沉淀就會(huì)滑落下去,所以請(qǐng)?jiān)陔x心結(jié)束時(shí)趕緊去收樣。